Generally, the capacity of a lithium-ion battery is stable for a while. Then it takes a sharp turn downward. The plummet point varies widely, as most 21st-century consumers know.
Electric vehicles (EVs) in severe cold regions face the real demand for fast charging under low temperatures, but low-temperature environments with high C-rate fast charging can lead to severe lithium plating of the anode material, resulting in rapid degradation of the lithium-ion battery (LIB). In this paper, by constructing an electrode–thermal model coupling solid electrolyte interphase result in end-of-life have already been found, depending on how the cell is used. Such information would enable a product designer to either extend life or predict life based upon the usage pattern. However, parameterization of the degradation models remains as a major challenge, and requires the attention of the international battery community. 1 . 395 108 142 401 399 229 287 242